Content of distinct metals in periprosthetic tissues and pseudosynovial joint fluid in patients with total joint arthroplasty.

This prospective study examined the content of metals released from total joint arthroplasty into joint fluid, whole blood and periprosthetic tissues. We determined the levels of Ti, V, Nb, Co, Cr, and Mo, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in samples from patients who underwent reoperation of total hip or knee arthroplasty. All of the patients (n = 117) included in the study had either metal on polyethylene or ceramic on polyethylene-bearing pairs. First, our results conclusively showed that the majority of released metals were deposited in periprosthetic tissues. In this context, the bloodstream turned out to be an ineffective biomarker of the effects occurring in local tissues. Second, there was a clear time-dependent nature of metallic accumulation. Based on our extensive dataset, we found significantly elevated levels of the released metals in joint fluid and periprosthetic tissues originating from loosened implants compared to stable ones, as well as recognizable differences between the groups with stable implants and aseptic loosening. Finally, it was proved that the concentrations of metals decreased dependent on the distance of the tissue from the implant. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018.