Site-Specific Incorporation of Chemical Fluorescence on Live Enterovirus-71 Virion by Using an Organometallic Palladium Reagent To Monitor Virus Entry.

Imaging live virus to monitor the viral entry process is essential to understand virus-host interactions during pathogen infection. However, methods for efficient labeling of live viruses, in particular labeling non-enveloped viruses and tracing virus entry processes, remain limited. Recently, labeling by using organometallic palladium reagents has provided a highly efficient and selective way to bioconjugate cysteines of virus proteins. Here, site-specific bioorthogonal labeling mediated by an organometallic palladium reagent on the surface of live enterovirus-71 (EV71) was used to visualize its entry into live cells. In contrast to currently used immunofluorescence and membrane-anchored dyes, this site-specific and quantitative labeling of live EV71 allows temporal imaging of its entry into host cell membranes on the timescale of seconds with little negative impact on its virulence. This method revealed details of EV71 virus entry and has broad applicability for monitoring virus entry that is difficult to assess by using conventional protein-labeling approaches.