Genomic Pathology and Cancer Biomarkers: Prostate Cancer.

Our understanding of genomic pathology and biomarkers for prostate cancer is continually growing. Some promising and useful tissue markers are GSTP1, HOXD3, cell cycle proteins, chromatin remodeling proteins, androgen receptor, Stat5a/b, ERG, and PTEN. Serum and urine markers are mostly either prostate-specific antigen or newer tests using one or more other kallikreins or sarcosine. The data and evidence for all of these markers and the commercial tests using them are reviewed here.