Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in a district in South India: A prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, severity, and associated risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a district in South India.

METHODS: This was a prospective, observational, cohort study involving babies at risk of ROP conducted in five Neonatal Intensive Care Units in a district in Tamil Nadu, South India. All babies with gestational age at birth of ≤36 weeks and a birth weight (BW) of ≤1900 g with a follow-up period of at least 6 months were enrolled for the study. Neonatal and maternal risk factors were assessed and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis performed to examine the predictors of ROP.

RESULTS: A total of 325 infants were screened. ROP was identified in 210 eyes of 106 (32.6%) babies with severe ROP (stage ≥3 ROP) occurring in 14 (13.2%) babies. Low BW (LBW) was the only significant risk factor for ROP on multivariate logistic regression analysis. The mean BW was 1285 and 1452 g for babies with and without ROP, respectively. Treatment was indicated in 22 eyes of 14 (13.2%) infants.

CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ROP was fairly high and strongly associated with LBW. A relatively low incidence of severe ROP was, however, observed. More effort is, therefore, required towards the prevention of preterm births while the present gains in neonatal care should be sustained to reduce the incidence of ROP and thus childhood blindness in the country.