Effects of treatment, choice, and preference on health-related quality-of-life outcomes in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

PURPOSE: Health outcomes may depend on which treatment is received, whether choice of treatment is given, and whether a received treatment is the preferred therapy. We examined the effects of these key factors on the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D-3L) in patients with PTSD.

METHODS: Two hundred patients aged 18-65 years with PTSD diagnosis enrolled in a doubly randomized preference trial (DRPT) examining treatment, choice of treatment, and treatment-preference effects of prolonged exposure therapy (PE) and pharmacotherapy with sertraline (SER) (clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00127673). We performed difference-in-difference analysis to estimate the treatment effects of prolonged exposure therapy (PE) as compared to pharmacotherapy with sertraline (SER), receipt of choice versus no-choice of treatment, and receipt of preferred versus non-preferred treatment on health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcome using the EQ-5D-3L completed at baseline and 10-week post-treatment.

RESULTS: The treatment effects of PE on the EQ-5D scores in overall patients and subgroup of patients who preferred PE were 0.150 (p = 0.025) and 0.223 (p < 0.001), respectively. The effects of treatment choice were 0.088 (p = 0.050) and 0.156 (p = 0.043) in overall patients and subgroup of patients received SER, respectively. The effects of treatment preference were 0.101 (p = 0.038) and 0.249 (p = 0.004) in overall patients and subgroup of patients SER, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, PE is associated with better improved HRQOL, especially in patients who prefer it. Independently, allowing patients to choose their preferred treatment resulted in better HRQOL than either assigning them a treatment or giving them a treatment that is not preferred.