Direct Li + incorporation during the anodic formation of compact TiO 2 layers.

In this work, compact titanium oxide layers are formed by anodization in 1 M H3PO4 aqueous electrolyte containing LiClO4. Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) measurements demonstrate that incorporation of lithium ions occurs during anodization, and cell-voltage transient measurements evidence the different electronic properties of Li-doped TiO2 layers. The mechanism of direct incorporation of Li during the fabrication of TiO2 layers is discussed.