Alanine and glycine conjugates of (2S,4R)-4-[ 18 F]fluoroglutamine for tumor imaging.

INTRODUCTION: Glutamine is an essential source of energy, metabolic substrates, and building block for supporting tumor proliferation. Previously, (2S,4R)-4-[18 F]fluoroglutamine (4F-Gln) was reported as a glutamine-related metabolic imaging agent. To improve the in vivo kinetics of this radiotracer, two new dipeptides, [18 F]Gly-(2S,4R)4-fluoroglutamine (Gly-4F-Gln) and [18 F]Ala-(2S,4R)4-fluoroglutamine (Ala-4F-Gln) were investigated.

METHODS: Radiolabeling was performed via 2-steps 18 F-fluorination. Cell uptake studies of Gly-4F-Gln and Ala-4F-Gln were investigated in 9 L cell lines. In vitro and in vivo metabolism studies were carried out in Fisher 344 rats. Biodistribution and microPET imaging studies were performed in 9 L tumor-bearing rats.

RESULTS: In vitro incubation of these [18 F]dipeptides in rat and human blood showed a rapid conversion to (2S,4R)-4-[18 F]fluoroglutamine (t1/2  = 2.3 and 0.2 min for [18 F]Gly-4F-Gln and [18 F]Ala-4F-Gln, respectively for human blood). Biodistribution and PET imaging in Fisher 344 rats bearing 9 L tumor xenografts showed that these dipeptides rapidly localized in the tumors, comparable to that of (2S,4R)-4-[18 F]fluoroglutamine (4F-Gln).

CONCLUSIONS: The results support that these dipeptides, [18 F]Gly-4F-Gln and [18 F]Ala-4F-Gln, are prodrugs, which hydrolyze in the blood after an iv injection. They appear to be selectively taken up and trapped by tumor tissue in vivo. The dipeptide, [18 F]Ala-4F-Gln, may be suitable as a PET tracer for imaging glutaminolysis in tumors.