Assessment and identification of nitrogen pollution sources in the Cheongmi River with intensive livestock farming areas, Korea.

This study aimed to develop methods for assessing and identifying nitrogen sources in the Cheongmi River, Korea, that has intensive livestock farming areas (ILFA) in its watershed. The assessment focused on the feasibility of the simultaneous use of stable isotopic compositions of ammonium (δ15 NNH4 ) and nitrate (δ15 NNO3 ) for identifying the main nitrogen pollution sources in the Cheongmi River watershed. Our results suggested that the organic nitrogen (Org-N) to total nitrogen (T-N) ratio could be used as an indicator for assessing the effect of livestock excreta on waterways in ILFA. We observed that the T-N concentration was much more strongly affected by livestock excreta than the T-P concentration in the mainstream of the Cheongmi River. The positive correlation was more significant between δ15 NNH4 and NH4 -N than that between δ15 NNO3 and NO3 -N for river water samples. Furthermore, the use of δ15 NNH4 was more effective than that of δ15 NNO3 in evaluating nitrogen variations between May and August in the Cheongmi River because the differences in δ15 NNH4 between May and August were more remarkable compared to those in δ15 NNO3 . Finally, the simultaneous use of δ15 NNH4 and δ15 NNO3 showed that the dominant nitrogen source at sites M3, M4, M5, and M6, specifically in May, was livestock excreta in the Cheongmi River. The results of this study could be used for sustainable water quality management in the Cheongmi River watershed.