The effect of navigation display clutter on performance and attention allocation in presentation- and simulator-based driving experiments.

Display clutter can have differential effects based on environmental factors, such as workload, stress, and experiment paradigm. The objectives of the current study were to assess the effects of display clutter on driver performance and attention allocation and compare results across two experimental paradigms. Forty-two participants searched high- and low-clutter in-car navigation displays for routine information either during a static, presentation-based experiment or in a dynamic, driving simulator experiment. Results revealed display clutter to significantly alter attention allocation and degrade performance in the presentation experiment, but had little to no effect on driver performance or attention allocation in the driving simulator experiment. Results suggest that display clutter may have its greatest effect on performance and attention allocation in domains requiring extended attention to the cluttered display compared to tasks in which the cluttered display acts as a support tool for secondary tasks.