Quality Improvement After Multiple Fatal Transfusion-Transmitted Bacterial Infections.

Objectives: Transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection (TTBI) from platelet components is likely underrecognized and can be fatal. Twenty-four-hour prospective culture was felt to be insufficiently preventive after multiple TTBIs occurred and strategies to improve safety were sought.

Methods: Two fatal and one severe TTBIs occurred from a split-apheresis platelet donation contaminated with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Improvement opportunities were identified and corrective and preventive action (CAPA) followed.

Results: To mitigate bacterial contamination and improve detection sensitivity, additional prospective culture 48 hours postcollection was implemented. Since implementation, secondary cultures have caught two true positives (0.01%) missed by 24-hour culture. Bacterial testing at issue and pathogen reduction were later implemented as an added layer of safety.

Conclusion: While rare, TTBI is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality from contaminated platelets. The approach to CAPA presented here may lower the risk of future transfusion-transmitted infections but must be weighed against potential added costs.