Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium: A case report and literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case and review published cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the endometrium.

CASE REPORT: A 51-year-old female presented with postmenopausal bleeding and a palpable pelvic mass. An endometrial biopsy showed a malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT). Suboptimal debulking surgery was performed. The final pathology revealed stage IVB endometrial LCNEC. Post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide was administered. Two months after discontinuing adjuvant chemotherapy, salvage chemotherapy with cisplatin and ifosfamide was administered due to tumor progression; however, obstructive ileus was noted 2 months later. A segmental small bowel resection and palliative colostomy were performed. She died secondary to a post-operative infection 8 days after the operation.

CONCLUSION: Endometrial LCNEC is a rare but aggressive disease. If diagnosed, combined therapies, including staging surgery, following by adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, should be performed.