JOURNAL ARTICLE
RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T
REVIEW
Add like
Add dislike
Add to saved papers

The spectrum of "off" in Parkinson's disease: What have we learned over 40 years?

The terms "on" and "off" were used by Marsden and his contemporaries over 40 years ago to describe times when Parkinson's disease patients experienced good motor function ("on") and immobility ("off"). Yet there remains no published consensus definition of "off", leading clinicians and patients to develop individualized impressions of "off" determinations. In this paper, we first discuss the evolution of the terminology and understanding of "off" states since Marsden's time, which now include non-motor as well as motor symptoms. We then review pathophysiology and risk factors for the development of "off" states as well as tools to detect the "off" state, before proposing a practical definition of "off" for consideration. A common, practical definition of the "off" state could improve clinical recognition of "off" symptoms and lead to significant benefit for patients.

Full text links

We have located links that may give you full text access.
Can't access the paper?
Try logging in through your university/institutional subscription. For a smoother one-click institutional access experience, please use our mobile app.

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

Mobile app image

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.

Your Privacy Choices Toggle icon

You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app