A Simulated Body Fluid Evaluation of TiO₂ Barrier Oxide Layer Formed by Electrochemical Reaction.

The modified surface during implantation is considered to be an effective strategy to improve high adhesion of bone cell and osseointegration activity. In this paper, the TiO2 barrier oxide Layer has been fabricated by using the ion characteristic of an electrolytic solution, the surface characteristics have been investigated by EDS, XPS, and FE-SEM. From the analysis of the chemical states, phosphorus and calcium were observed in the TiO2 barrier layer, which were penetrated from the electrolyte into the oxide layer during deposit process. In addition, Ca 2p spectrum was identified into two peaks for Ca 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 at 347.4 and 351.3 eV, which are related to hydroxyapatite. Also, P spectrum was confirmed into two peaks for P1/2 and P3/2 levels with binding energy 134.2 and 133.4 eV, respectively. Thus, the incorporated phosphate species were found mostly in the forms of HPO-4, PO-3. From the result of biological evaluation in simulated body fluid (SBF), the apatite morphologies were effective for bioactive property on the modified surface.