[The vision of nursing provided by Léonie Chaptal: a strategic mistake in the development of nursing science in France ?]

The issue of the development of the discipline displayed by nursing sciences in France is crucial, especially since the Law of Modernization of the Health System has established a legal framework for advanced practice since 2016. This article presents a discussion on the important role that Léonie Chaptal has played in the development of nursing care in France, based on a purely professional vision, guaranteeing the subordination of the nurses to the medical physicians the in the spirit of the law of November 30, 1892 which had established a stranglehold of medical profession on health. We have drawn from this discussion some lessons that we consider essential for the future development of a true discipline of nursing in France, in the context of the deep organizational transformation initiated by the health system.