[Spontaneous neonatal aortic thrombosis revealing protein S deficiency].

Arterial thrombosis of the newborn is rare and associated with poor prognosis, often attributed to umbilical arterial catheterization. The aortic and spontaneous forms are exceptional. Its severity requires fast and effective treatment. Although therapeutic means are numerous, no consensus has been established to date although thrombolysis and heparin therapy appear to give good results depending on the site and extent of thrombosis. We report a case of extensive thrombosis of the abdominal aorta in a 5-day-old newborn, revealed by acute hypernatremic dehydration. Thrombosis was not related to umbilical catheterization. The diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound with discovery during the etiologic assessment of an authentic protein S deficiency. This observation was the occasion for a review of the literature concerning the evolutionary and therapeutic clinical aspects of neonatal arterial thrombosis.