Date seed oil loaded niosomes: development, optimization and anti-inflammatory effect evaluation on rats.

OBJECTIVE: An optimized date seed oil (DSO) loaded niosomes was formulated.

SIGNIFICANCE: Maximize the extract anti-inflammatory efficacy and govern its release characteristics from nanoparticles for osteoarthritis prevention and treatment purposes.

METHODS: By using Box-Behnken Design, the effect of three formulation factors on the entrapment efficiency percentage (Y1 ), initial DSO release percentage after 2 h (Y2 ), and cumulative DSO release percentage of DSO after 12 h (Y3 ), were optimized and studied. The optimized DSO formulation was specified, elaborated, particle size and zeta potential assessed, examined morphologically under electron and light microscope, and in vivo evaluated via carrageenan-induced rat paw edema study.

RESULTS: 65.89%, 18.39%, and 58.27% were the measured responses of the optimized niosomes for Y1 , Y2 , and Y3 , respectively. The vesicular structure of the optimized DSO loaded nano-vesicles with nano-size range and good stability features were confirmed. Furthermore, a distinguished anti-inflammatory activity in both prompt and sustained effectiveness were exhibited via the optimized DSO niosomes. Interestingly, the delayed efficacy outcomes of the extract loaded nanoparticles showed a similarity profile as well as the negative control group outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: To emphasize, DSO loading in niosomes revealed a significant enhancement toward inflammation alleviation, which offers a promising implement in osteoarthritis remediation and prohibition.