1 H magic-angle spinning NMR evolves as a powerful new tool for membrane proteins.

Building on a decade of continuous advances of the community, the recent development of very fast (60 kHz and above) magic-angle spinning (MAS) probes has revolutionised the field of solid-state NMR. This new spinning regime reduces the 1 H-1 H dipolar couplings, so that direct detection of the larger magnetic moment available from 1 H is now possible at high resolution, not only in deuterated molecules but also in fully-protonated substrates. Such capabilities allow rapid "fingerprinting" of samples with a ten-fold reduction of the required sample amounts with respect to conventional approaches, and permit extensive, robust and expeditious assignment of small-to-medium sized proteins (up to ca. 300 residues), and the determination of inter-nuclear proximities, relative orientations of secondary structural elements, protein-cofactor interactions, local and global dynamics. Fast MAS and 1 H detection techniques have nowadays been shown to be applicable to membrane-bound systems. This paper reviews the strategies underlying this recent leap forward in sensitivity and resolution, describing its potential for the detailed characterization of membrane proteins.