Antibody Administration for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Currently, antibodies are progressively applied in medicine for different purposes, including diagnostic and therapeutic indications. Over twenty monoclonal antibodies utilized for many therapeutic reasons from therapy of cancers, immune disorders, and osteoporosis to localized bony defects. In addition, therapeutic antibodies represented various findings in bone tissue engineering.

OBJECTIVES: The current study aims to systematically review the available literature on antibody assisted bone regeneration in animal models.

METHODS: A through electronic search was conducted from January 1992 to June 2017 limited to English language publications on administrations of antibodies for bone regeneration. Data extraction was ere performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

RESULTS: Twenty studies were selected and analyzed in this systematic review. Among these studies, six articles reported in vitro results in addition to in vivo evaluations. The data is tabulated according to the route of administrations as locally administrated antibody which includes anti-bone morphogenetic protein 2 (anti-BMP2) and systemic administrated antibodies, which include anti-sclerostin and anti- Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). Data are summarized and reported by the following variables: Type of study, types of cells for in vitro investigations, types of animal models and defects characteristics, types of scaffolds used in the defect site, duration of follow-ups; and outcomes of assessments.

CONCLUSIONS: A novel approach of administration of antibodies demonstrated promising results for bone tissue engineering. However, more investigations, particularly in larger animals, are required for their further possible clinical administration.