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Evaluation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Strength Using the Cosmic-Ray Shadow of the Sun.

M Amenomori, X J Bi, D Chen, T L Chen, W Y Chen, S W Cui, Danzengluobu, L K Ding, C F Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Z Y Feng, Q B Gou, Y Q Guo, H H He, Z T He, K Hibino, N Hotta, Haibing Hu, H B Hu, J Huang, H Y Jia, L Jiang, F Kajino, K Kasahara, Y Katayose, C Kato, K Kawata, M Kozai, Labaciren, G M Le, A F Li, H J Li, W J Li, C Liu, J S Liu, M Y Liu, H Lu, X R Meng, T Miyazaki, K Mizutani, K Munakata, T Nakajima, Y Nakamura, H Nanjo, M Nishizawa, T Niwa, M Ohnishi, I Ohta, S Ozawa, X L Qian, X B Qu, T Saito, T Y Saito, M Sakata, T K Sako, J Shao, M Shibata, A Shiomi, T Shirai, H Sugimoto, M Takita, Y H Tan, N Tateyama, S Torii, H Tsuchiya, S Udo, H Wang, H R Wu, L Xue, Y Yamamoto, K Yamauchi, Z Yang, A F Yuan, T Yuda, L M Zhai, H M Zhang, J L Zhang, X Y Zhang, Y Zhang, Yi Zhang, Ying Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X X Zhou
Physical Review Letters 2018 January 20
We analyze the Sun's shadow observed with the Tibet-III air shower array and find that the shadow's center deviates northward (southward) from the optical solar disk center in the "away" ("toward") interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) sector. By comparing with numerical simulations based on the solar magnetic field model, we find that the average IMF strength in the away (toward) sector is 1.54±0.21_{stat}±0.20_{syst} (1.62±0.15_{stat}±0.22_{syst}) times larger than the model prediction. These demonstrate that the observed Sun's shadow is a useful tool for the quantitative evaluation of the average solar magnetic field.

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