Treatment-related acute granulocyte-monocytic leukemia from multiple myeloma: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: To investigate the clinical features of treatment-related acute granulocyte-monocytic leukemia (t-AML) from multiple myeloma (MM) thereby improving the understanding of this disease.

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 72-year-old woman patient was initially diagnosed as MM. Two years and 7 months after treatment, this patient developed AML M4 as confirmed by the analyses from clinical features, bone marrow morphology, flow cytometry, and cytogenetic examination.

DIAGNOSIS: Treatment-related acute myeloid leukaemia (t-AML).

INTERVENTIONS: Due to lack of the ability to pay the cost, she declined our recommendation to accept therapy as an inpatient and was discharged.

LESSONS: The reported case was a rare t-AML, which is resistant to currently available treatments and has a poor prognosis.