A qualitative exploration of stakeholder perceptions of the implementation of place-based working and its potential to reduce health inequality.

Background: Local authorities (LAs) have statutory responsibility to reduce health inequalities and improve public health. Place-based approaches may positively influence service provision yet little is known about their implementation and potential for reducing inequality through health and wellbeing improvements. An English LA implemented a place-based working (PBW) pilot in a small geography during austerity measures in the north of England. This involved three strands (early intervention, estate services and community intelligence) which were introduced separately and covered overlapping geographies. Predominantly focusing on early intervention, this qualitative study investigates stakeholders' perceptions of the pilot and its potential to improve health and wellbeing by reducing inequality.

Methods: In total, 15 face-to-face qualitative interviews with stakeholders were completed. Thematic analysis produced context, mechanism and outcome configurations in a process adapted from realist evaluation methodology.

Results: Stakeholders described PBW as holistic, upstream and cutting across departmental boundaries to engage staff and the community. Collaborative working was considered important and was aided by PBW in our study.

Conclusions: PBW has the potential to reduce health inequalities by improving health and wellbeing. LAs deliver services that affect health and wellbeing and PBW may help develop a more coordinated response to improve outcomes and potentially save money.