We have located links that may give you full text access.
Quantifying humeral retrotorsion in young swimmers and association with swim volume.
Physical Therapy in Sport 2018 March
OBJECTIVES: To compare the humeral retrotorsion (HRT) among non-athletes, amateur swimmers and competitive swimmers and to analyze the relationship between HRT and swim volume in competitive swimmers.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
SETTING: Laboratory.
PARTICIPANTS: Ninety children and adolescents, both genders (30 non-athletes: 11.50 ± 1.94 years; 30 amateur swimmers: 11.56 ± 1.81 years; and 30 competitive swimmers: 12.63 ± 2.02 years).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HRT measurement through the bicipital forearm angle (BFA), by palpation, using an inclinometer to obtain the angle.
RESULTS: Competitive swimmers showed lower BFA (higher HRT) compared to the amateurs (mean difference: 8.3°; p = 0.013; effect size: 0.82) and to the non-athletes (mean difference: 8.5°; p = 0.010; effect size: 0.80). A significant fair negative relationship (r = -0.37; p = 0.04) was found between BFA and volume of swim.
CONCLUSION: Competitive young swimmers present increased HRT and a higher volume of swim is associated with a lower BFA (higher HRT) in these athletes. These results can help to improve the understanding of osseous adaptations in young swimmers.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
SETTING: Laboratory.
PARTICIPANTS: Ninety children and adolescents, both genders (30 non-athletes: 11.50 ± 1.94 years; 30 amateur swimmers: 11.56 ± 1.81 years; and 30 competitive swimmers: 12.63 ± 2.02 years).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HRT measurement through the bicipital forearm angle (BFA), by palpation, using an inclinometer to obtain the angle.
RESULTS: Competitive swimmers showed lower BFA (higher HRT) compared to the amateurs (mean difference: 8.3°; p = 0.013; effect size: 0.82) and to the non-athletes (mean difference: 8.5°; p = 0.010; effect size: 0.80). A significant fair negative relationship (r = -0.37; p = 0.04) was found between BFA and volume of swim.
CONCLUSION: Competitive young swimmers present increased HRT and a higher volume of swim is associated with a lower BFA (higher HRT) in these athletes. These results can help to improve the understanding of osseous adaptations in young swimmers.
Full text links
Related Resources
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices 
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app