Degradation behavior of triclosan by co-exposure to chlorine dioxide and UV irradiation: influencing factors and toxicity changes.

This study investigated the transformation of triclosan (TCS) following co-exposure to UV irradiation and ClO2 . Special attention was given to understand the influencing of water quality parameters and toxicity changes during the co-exposure process. The results show that the co-exposure process prompted TCS elimination quickly and effectively, with more than 99% of TCS degraded under the experimental conditions. The molar yield ratios of 2,4-dichlorophenol/TCS (2,4-DCP/TCS) were calculated to be 35.81-74.49%; however, the by-product of 2,8-dichlorodibenzop-dioxin (2,8-Cl2 DD) was not detected. The TCS degradation was sensitive to ClO2 dosage, pH, H2 O2 , and natural organic matter (NOM), but not to the carbonate (CO3 2- ) concentration. Neutral and slightly alkaline condition were favorable to TCS elimination. The TCS removal rate increased from 85.33 to 99.75% when the ClO2 concentration increased from 0.25 to 1.5 mg L-1 . TCS degradation can be promoted at low NOM level (1, 3, and 5 mg L-1 ), whereas was inhibited at high NOM concentrations of 7 and 9 mg L-1 . While adding H2 O2 , the degradation rate of TCS increased with increasing H2 O2 concentration from 1 to 3 mg L-1 ; however, too low or overdosed H2 O2 (0.5 and 5 mg L-1 ) hindered TCS degradation. Based on the results of a microtox bioassay, the toxicity did not change following the co-exposure process.