Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis for Cancer Genomics and Precision Medicine.

Explosive advances of next-generation sequencer (NGS) and computational analyses have been exploring somatic protein-altered mutations in most cancer types and these coding mutation data are intensively accumulated. However, there is limited information on somatic mutations in non-coding regions including introns, regulatory elements, and non-coding RNAs, structural variants and pathogen in cancer genomes remain widely unexplored. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) approaches can comprehensively explore all types of genomic alterations in cancer and help us to better understand the whole landscape of driver mutations and mutational signature in cancer genomes and elucidate functional or clinical implications of these unexplored genomic regions and mutational signature. This review describes recent technical approaches for cancer WGS and the future direction of cancer WGS, and discuss its utility and limitation of an analysis platform and mutation interpretation for cancer genomics and cancer precision medicine.　Taking into account the diversity of cancer genomes and phenotypes, interpretation of abundant mutation information from WGS, especially non-coding and structure variants, requires the analysis of large-scale WGS data integrated with RNA-Seq, epigenomics, immuno-genomic and clinic-pathological information. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.