An anatomical variant: evaluation of accessory canals of the canalis sinuosus using CBCT.

BACKGROUND: The anatomical variation of the anterior superior alveolar nerve which described as canalis sinuosus(CS) is a less known structure of anterior maxilla. Due to it contains anterior superior alveolar nerve as well as vein and arteries, exact diagnosis will provide surgeons to avoid complications. Hence, the aim of this study was to verify the presence, reveal the frequency and characteristics of accessory canals of canalis sinuosus.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was based on retrospective evaluation of CBCT scans. A total of 1460 CBCT images were analyzed and collected data were noted. Parameters were recorded as age, sex, presence or absence of CS, location in relation to the adjacent teeth and impaction of canine teeth.

RESULTS: A total of 6668 accessory canals were found in 1460 CBCT images. Of these, 672 (46.0%) were from female patients, and 788 (54.0%) were from male patients. 1034(70.8%) of 1460 images had at least one accessory canals of canalis sinuosus. Maxillary intercentral region is the area where the most frequently seen of accessory canals (n=653, 44.72%) Conclusions: Canalis sinuosus is a bony canal which is incidentaly found and less known structure of anterior portion of maxilla. Knowing the accessory canals deriving from this structure will provide surgeons to avoid complications and non-integration of dental implant procedures. Conventional imaging modalities have limited value in detecting of this neurovascular structures. Therefore CBCT may have an important role for accurate diagnosis to reveal anatomical variations.