Classical (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) and new (chemerin, vaspin, omentin) adipocytokines in patients with prediabetes.

Background In the last decade, there has been an increased interest toward fat tissue as an endocrine organ that secretes many cytokines and bioactive mediators that play a role in insulin sensitivity, inflammation, coagulation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate classical (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) and new (chemerin, vaspin, omentin) adipocytokine levels in subjects with prediabetes [impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)] and obese subjects with normoglycemia. Methods In this study, 80 patients with a mean age of 50.4 ± 10.6 years were recruited, divided into two groups with similar age and body mass index (BMI) - with obesity and normoglycemia (n = 41) and with obesity and prediabetes (n = 39). Results Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in subjects with normoglycemia compared to patients with prediabetes. Adiponectin has a good discriminating power to distinguish between patients with and without insulin resistance in our study population [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.728, p = 0.002]. Other adipocytokine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. The patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) had significantly lower levels of leptin compared to those without MetS (33.03 ± 14.94 vs. 40.24 ± 12.23 ng/mL) and this difference persisted after adjustment for weight and BMI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that low serum leptin can predict the presence of MetS (p = 0.03), AUC = 0.645. Conclusion Serum adiponectin is statistically higher in patients with normoglycemia compared to those with prediabetes and has a predictive value for distinguishing between patients with and without insulin resistance in the studied population. Serum leptin has a good predictive value for distinguishing between patients with and without MetS in the studied population.