Perhydrohelicenes and other diamond-lattice based hydrocarbons: the choreography of inversion.

Overall inversion in fused cyclohexane oligomers 2 , 3 , and 4 (all based on cis -decalin 1 ) occurs by a rolling process involving no more than two adjacent rings in twist-boat conformations at any time. These inverting rings move along the oligomer in processes that are precisely choreographed by the adjacent chairs. Actual inversion mechanisms can be stepwise [CC → TC → TT → C'T → C'C'], as for cis -decalin, but it is shown that a concerted alternative [CC → TC → C'T → C'C'] is enforced in 2 . The all- cis , anti , cis -isomers of perhydrohelicenes 4 are based on the diamond lattice and have remarkably low strain energies. Helix inversion in 4 is compared with that in helicenes 5 . For both, the intermediates and transition states have shapes broadly like kinked old-style telephone cables. In both cases barriers increase with the length of the system to eventually reach a plateau value of ca. 120 kJ mol-1 for 4 , much lower than that for 5 (320-350 kJ mol-1 ). While rolling inversion only requires two adjacent rings in twist-boat conformations at any instant, inversion in propellane 6 requires all three rings be converted to twist-boats, and the S 4 symmetric hydrocarbon 7 requires all four rings to be converted to twist-boats. As a consequence, 7 probably has the highest barrier of any non-oligomeric cis -decalin derived structure (87.3 kJ mol-1 at B3LYP/6-31G*).