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Antimicrobial properties of a new type of photosensitizer derived from phthalocyanine against planktonic and biofilm forms of Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial infection is a common clinical problem. Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections can cause extensive tissue damage and necrosis. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has recently attracted attention as a feasible bacterial therapy. Octa-cationic zinc phthalocyanines are newly identified photosensitizers derived from phthalocyanines bearing 1, 2-ethanediamine groups and quaternized derivatives with different numbers of positive charges (ZnPcn+ , n = 4 or 8). Here we report the antimicrobial effects of ZnPcn+ -mediated PACT on planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. aureus.

METHODS: ZnPcn+ uptake was detected by photometry after alkaline lysis. Dark-toxicity and light-mediated antimicrobial effects of the drug was determined by the plate count method. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by flow cytometry. SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI) were used to detect the bacterial cell membrane permeability. DNA damage after ZnPcn+ -PACT was analyzed by flow cytometry and PI staining. The destruction of biofilm was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULTS: The study of uptake showed that the relative fluorescence intensity of ZnPcn+ in S. aureus peaked at 15 min. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ZnPcn+ was enhanced in PACT treatment groups. SYTO 9 and PI staining indicated that cell membrane was damaged. Flow cytometry and PI staining revealed DNA damage. Biofilms were damaged in PACT treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that light-activated ZnPcn+ can efficiently inhibit planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. aureus.

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