Factors associated with childhood asthma control in a resource-poor center.

Introduction: Optimal asthma control is a major aim of childhood asthma management. This study aimed to determine factors associated with suboptimal asthma control at the pediatric chest clinic of a resource-poor center.

Methods: Over a 12-month study period, children aged 2-14 years with physician-diagnosed asthma attending the pediatric chest clinic of the Wesley Guild Hospital (WGH), Ilesa, Nigeria were consecutively recruited. Asthma control was assessed using childhood asthma control questionnaire. Partly and uncontrolled asthma was recorded as a suboptimal control. Relevant history and examinations findings were compared between children with good and suboptimal asthma control. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of suboptimal asthma control.

Results: A total of 106 children participated in the study with male:female ratio of 1.5:1, and majority (83.0%) had mild intermittent asthma. Suboptimal asthma control was observed in 19 (17.9%) of the children. Household smoke exposure, low socioeconomic class, unknown triggers, concomitant allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and poor parental asthma knowledge, were significantly associated with suboptimal control ( P < 0.05). Low socioeconomic class (odds ratio [OR] =6.231; 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.022-8.496; P = 0.005) and poor parental asthma knowledge (OR = 7.607; 95% CI = 1.011-10.481; P = 0.007) independently predict suboptimal control.

Conclusion: Approximately, one in five asthmatic children attending the WGH pediatric chest clinic who participated in the study had suboptimal asthma control during the study. More comprehensive parental/child asthma education and provision of affordable asthma care services may help improve asthma control among the children.