Immunotherapy of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: You Can Run, but You Can't Hide.

The hypomethylating agent decitabine induces expression of the cancer/testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in the myeloid cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients with MDS treated with decitabine and an NY-ESO-1 vaccine developed NY-ESO-1-specific T-cell responses directed against their abnormal myeloid cells, raising hopes for combinatorial immunotherapy of this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 991-3. ©2017 AACR See related article by Griffiths et al., p. 1019 .