JOURNAL ARTICLE
RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T
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Bifidobacterium can mitigate intestinal immunopathology in the context of CTLA-4 blockade.

Antibodies that attenuate immune tolerance have been used to effectively treat cancer, but they can also trigger severe autoimmunity. To investigate this, we combined anti-CTLA-4 treatment with a standard colitis model to give mice a more severe form of the disease. Pretreatment with an antibiotic, vancomycin, provoked an even more severe, largely fatal form, suggesting that a Gram-positive component of the microbiota had a mitigating effect. We then found that a commonly used probiotic, Bifidobacterium , could largely rescue the mice from immunopathology without an apparent effect on antitumor immunity, and this effect may be dependent on regulatory T cells.

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