We have located links that may give you full text access.
Journal Article
Review
Thyroid dysfunctions secondary to cancer immunotherapy.
BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy is a firmly established pillar in the treatment of cancer, alongside the traditional approaches of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Like every treatment, also cancer immunotherapy causes a diverse spectrum of side effects, collectively referred to as immune-related adverse events.
OBJECTIVE: This review will examine the main forms of immunotherapy, the proposed mechanism(s) of action, and the incidence of thyroid dysfunctions.
METHODS: A comprehensive MEDLINE search was performed for articles published up to March 30, 2017.
RESULTS: Following the pioneering efforts with administration of cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-g, which caused a broad spectrum of thyroid dysfunctions (ranging in incidence from 1 to 50%), current cancer immunotherapy strategies comprise immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, adoptive T-cell transfer, and cancer vaccines. Oncolytic viruses, adoptive T-cell transfer, and cancer vaccines cause thyroid dysfunctions only rarely. In contrast, immune checkpoint blockers (such as anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1) are associated with a high risk of thyroid autoimmunity. This risk is highest for anti-PD-1 and increases further when a combination of checkpoint inhibitors is used.
CONCLUSIONS: Cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibodies that block immune checkpoint inhibitors are at risk of developing thyroid dysfunctions. Their thyroid status should be assessed at baseline and periodically after initiation of the immunotherapy.
OBJECTIVE: This review will examine the main forms of immunotherapy, the proposed mechanism(s) of action, and the incidence of thyroid dysfunctions.
METHODS: A comprehensive MEDLINE search was performed for articles published up to March 30, 2017.
RESULTS: Following the pioneering efforts with administration of cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-g, which caused a broad spectrum of thyroid dysfunctions (ranging in incidence from 1 to 50%), current cancer immunotherapy strategies comprise immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, adoptive T-cell transfer, and cancer vaccines. Oncolytic viruses, adoptive T-cell transfer, and cancer vaccines cause thyroid dysfunctions only rarely. In contrast, immune checkpoint blockers (such as anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1) are associated with a high risk of thyroid autoimmunity. This risk is highest for anti-PD-1 and increases further when a combination of checkpoint inhibitors is used.
CONCLUSIONS: Cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibodies that block immune checkpoint inhibitors are at risk of developing thyroid dysfunctions. Their thyroid status should be assessed at baseline and periodically after initiation of the immunotherapy.
Full text links
Related Resources
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app