Integrative Literature Review on Shame.

Shame is a universal living experience that is just beginning to be explored within the discipline of nursing. Development of a broad understanding of shame is needed to aid nurse researchers in clarifying this phenomenon from a nursing perspective. Pursuant to this goal, the author in this article reviews the extant literature on shame from the disciplines of nursing, psychology, sociology, philosophy, and theology. Three themes that emerged from the scholarly literature were (a) shame propels miring in paralysis, (b) shame captures the illusionary seen-unseen, and