Reproducing severe acute subglottic stenosis in a rabbit model.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to develop an animal model with consistent, severe subglottic stenosis (SGS), and to develop the timeline needed for intervention to limit rabbit mortality.

METHODS: Subglottic stenosis was created endoscopically using either a nylon or polypropylene brush in sixteen New Zealand White rabbits. The subglottic cross-sectional area was measured endoscopically using a right-angled probe and an open source image analysis software The cross-sectional areas of the stenotic and native airways were compared to calculate the subglottic stenosis percentage and Myer-Cotton grade classification.

RESULTS: The average diameter of the native subglottis was 4.7 mm (SD 0.4). The mean subglottic stenosis percentage was 73% (SD 32) for all rabbits. The three rabbits injured with the nylon brush had 30, 52, and 76% stenosis. Nine of the 12 surviving rabbits (75%) injured with the polypropylene brush had a >86% subglottic stenosis. Four rabbits in the polypropylene brush cohort died from procedural complications.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a reliable model using a polypropylene brush to create severe acute subglottic stenosis. Cartilage exposure after creating the injury was associated with more severe stenosis. Mortality rate may have been reduced if endoscopic balloon dilation was performed electively seven days after injury, rather than emergently nine days after injury.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.