The choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 upregulates regulatory T cell phenotypes and modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines through HLA-G.

An understanding of the interactions between immune cells and trophoblast cells, as well as choriocarcinoma cells, are of extreme importance in reproductive immunology and cancer immunology. In this study, we found that the human HLA-G-positive choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 upregulates CD4+ CD25hi CD127lo T cells, increases the expression of HLA-G+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and decreases the expression of ILT2+ on CD4+ T cells in resting PBMCs after six days of co-culture. Expression of HLA-G on JEG-3 cells did not affect regulatory T cell phenotypes, but promoted modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17A. When JEG-3 cells were stimulated with rhIFN-γ prior to co-culture, CD4+ HLA-G+ T cells were significantly increased, and IFN-γ and TNF-α elevated. Taken together, the results indicate that JEG-3 cells upregulate regulatory T cell phenotypes and modulate the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which might be important mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and at the feto-maternal interface during pregnancy.