The effects of varying tympanic-membrane material properties on human middle-ear sound transmission in a three-dimensional finite-element model.

An anatomically based three-dimensional finite-element human middle-ear (ME) model is used to test the sensitivity of ME sound transmission to tympanic-membrane (TM) material properties. The baseline properties produce responses comparable to published measurements of ear-canal input impedance and power reflectance, stapes velocity normalized by ear-canal pressure (PEC ), and middle-ear pressure gain (MEG), i.e., cochlear-vestibule pressure (PV ) normalized by PEC . The mass, Young's modulus (ETM ), and shear modulus (GTM ) of the TM are varied, independently and in combination, over a wide range of values, with soft and bony TM-annulus boundary conditions. MEG is recomputed and plotted for each case, along with summaries of the magnitude and group-delay deviations from the baseline over low (below 0.75 kHz), mid (0.75-5 kHz), and high (above 5 kHz) frequencies. The MEG magnitude varies inversely with increasing TM mass at high frequencies. Increasing ETM boosts high frequencies and attenuates low and mid frequencies, especially with a bony TM annulus and when GTM varies in proportion to ETM , as for an isotropic material. Increasing GTM on its own attenuates low and mid frequencies and boosts high frequencies. The sensitivity of MEG to TM material properties has implications for model development and the interpretation of experimental observations.