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Extreme enrichment in atmospheric 15 N 15 N.
Science Advances 2017 November
Molecular nitrogen (N2 ) comprises three-quarters of Earth's atmosphere and significant portions of other planetary atmospheres. We report a 19 per mil (‰) excess of15 N15 N in air relative to a random distribution of nitrogen isotopes, an enrichment that is 10 times larger than what isotopic equilibration in the atmosphere allows. Biological experiments show that the main sources and sinks of N2 yield much smaller proportions of15 N15 N in N2 . Electrical discharge experiments, however, establish15 N15 N excesses of up to +23‰. We argue that15 N15 N accumulates in the atmosphere because of gas-phase chemistry in the thermosphere (>100 km altitude) on time scales comparable to those of biological cycling. The atmospheric15 N15 N excess therefore reflects a planetary-scale balance of biogeochemical and atmospheric nitrogen chemistry, one that may also exist on other planets.
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