Comparative genomic hybridization and transcriptome sequencing reveal that two genes, OsI_14279 ( LOC_Os03g62620 ) and OsI_10794 ( LOC_Os03g14950 ) regulate the mutation in the γ - rl rice mutant.

We previously established the genetic locus of the rolled-leaf mutant, γ - rl , to chromosome 3. In this study, we performed a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis to identify the genes responsible for the γ - rl mutant phenotype. This was combined with RNA transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze differences in the mRNA expression in seeds 12 h after germination. Using the reference genome of the "indica type" rice from GenBank, we created a chip with 386,000 high density DNA probes designed to target chromosome 3. The genomic DNA from γ - rl and Qinghuazhan (the wild-type) was used for hybridization against the chip to compare signal differences. We uncovered 49 regions with significant differences in hybridization signals including deletions and insertions. RNA-seq analysis between γ - rl and QHZ identified 1060 differentially expressed genes, which potentially regulate numerous biological activities. Moreover, we identified 72 annotated genes in the 49 regions discovered in CGH. Among these, 44 genes showed differential expression in RNA-seq. qRT-PCR validation of the candidate genes confirmed that seven of the 44 genes showed a significant change in their expression levels. Among these, four genes [ OsI_10125 ( LOC_Os03g06654 ), OsI_14045 ( LOC_Os03g62490 ), OsI_14279 ( LOC_Os03g62620 ) and OsI_14326 ( LOC_Os03g63250 )] were down regulated and three genes [( OsI_10794 ( LOC_Os03g14950 ), OsI_11412 ( LOC_Os03g21250 ) and OsI_14152 ( LOC_Os03g61360 )] were up regulated with a fold change ≥2.0 and a P value ≤ 0.01. Finally, we constructed transgenic plants to study the in vivo functions of these genes. RNAi knock down of LOC_Os03g62620 resulted in rolled-leaf, lower seed-setting and decreased seed growth phenotypes. Transgenic plants with LOC_Os03g14950 over-expression showed dwarf plants with a shortened leaf phenotype. Our results, LOC_Os03g62620 and LOC_Os03g14950 as the essential genes responsible for creating the γ - rl mutant phenotypes suggested that these genes may play crucial roles in regulating rice leaf development and seed growth.