[Efficacy of noninvasive ventilation on treatment of ARDS caused by severe pneumonia after kidney transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by severe pneumonia after kidney transplantation.

METHODS: The clinical data of 17 patients who were diagnosed as ARDS caused by severe pneumonia after kidney transplantation and treated with NIV in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 1st, 2014 to June 1st, 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. According to the result of NIV treatment, the patients were divided into NIV success group (n = 9) and NIV failure group (n = 8). The differences in gender, age, underlying diseases, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, laboratory parameters on the day when ARDS was diagnosed, daily immunosuppressive dosage, NIV support condition and duration, arterial blood gas analysis and adverse reactions between the two groups were compared. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted, and the predictive value of each parameters for NIV results was evaluated.

RESULTS: The two groups were similar in gender, age, and underlying diseases. The APACHE II score, serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), serum creatinine (SCr), daily tacrolimus dose, and NIV support condition in NIV failure group were significantly higher than those in NIV success group [APACHE II score: 16.7±5.7 vs. 10.3±2.1, PCT (μg/L): 32.8 (1.2, 187.7) vs. 0.3 (0.1, 2.9), BNP (ng/L): 832.4 (263.7, 1 180.2) vs. 157.0 (33.9, 218.5), SCr (μmol/L): 284.8 (90.5, 474.2) vs. 186.6 (76.7, 206.3), daily tacrolimus dose (mg): 3.6 (3.1, 4.0) vs. 2.6 (2.0, 3.5), inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP, cmH2 O, 1 cmH2 O = 0.098 kPa): 14.8±4.1 vs. 9.0±1.1, expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP, cmH2 O): 7.6±1.8 vs. 4.7±0.8, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ): 0.75±0.25 vs. 0.43±0.06, all P < 0.05], and the oxygenation index (PaO2 /FiO2 ) after treatment was significantly lower than that of NIV success group [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 107.4±65.2 vs. 268.7±98.8, P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in albumin (Alb), white blood cell count (WBC), daily mycophenolate mofetil dose, use of glucocorticold, NIV duration, pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2 ), or the incidence of sputum drainage disorder or pneumothorax between the two groups. ROC curve analysis showed that the predictive value of APACHEII score, serum PCT and BNP levels, tacrolimus daily dosage and PaO2 /FiO2 changes after NIV treatment for the efficacy of NIV was high, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.813, 0.778, 0.903, 0.778, 0.764, respectively; when the cut-off value of APACHE II score was 16.0, PCT was 4.1 μg/L, BNP was 180.5 ng/L, tacrolimus daily dosage was 2.5 mg, PaO2 /FiO2 increased 49.5 mmHg, the sensitivity was 87.5%, 75.2%, 87.5%, 87.5% and 75.0%, respectively, and the specificity was 77.8%, 66.7%, 88.9%, 74.4%, 88.9%, respectively. However, SCr was not sensitive to the NIV effect prediction.

CONCLUSIONS: NIV in the treatment of ARDS caused by severe pneumonia after kidney transplantation has a certain value. The fewer tacrolimus daily dosage, the lower APACHE II score and levels of PCT and BNP, the more effective promotion of PaO2 /FiO2 after NIV treatment, and the better curative effect is suggested.