Occurrence and Partition of Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) in Water and Sediment from the Songhua River, China.

This study provided the first evidence that perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were widely detected in the Songhua River, China. Seventeen surface water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for the determination of 14 PFCs. The total concentrations of PFCs (Σ PFCs) ranged from 0.143 to 1.41 ng L-1 in water samples. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was detected with the highest detection frequency (%) ranging from below LOQ to 0.678 ng L-1 . Σ PFCs were relatively low in sediments, and only four individual homologues were detected. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and PFOA were detected with the lowest levels in this study compared with other PFCs detected in all the rivers of China in previous studies. The concentrations of PFCs were highly influenced by distribution of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The effluents from WWTPs, which are discharged into the Songhua River, are regarded as the main contamination sources of PFCs in this study. Even though low risk for the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA to aquatic ecosystem of the Songhua River was found in the analysis of potential adverse effect, further experimental studies on occurrence of PFCs and their potential adverse effects to wildlife and humans should be conducted continuously in the Songhua River basin because of the increasing discharge. The mean partition coefficients (log K oc ) of PFOS between sediment and water was 4.49 cm3  g-1 , which was probably influenced by the sediment characteristics and hydrodynamic parameters. PFCs tend to accumulate in water compared with other persistent organic pollutants.