Accuracy of angular displacements and velocities from inertial-based inclinometers.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of various sensor fusion algorithms for measuring upper arm elevation relative to gravity (i.e., angular displacement and velocity summary measures) across different motion speeds. Thirteen participants completed a cyclic, short duration, arm-intensive work task that involved transfering wooden dowels at three work rates (slow, medium, fast). Angular displacement and velocity measurements of upper arm elevation were simultaneously measured using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and an optical motion capture (OMC) system. Results indicated that IMU-based inclinometer solutions can reduce root-mean-square errors in comparison to accelerometer-based inclination estimates by as much as 87%, depending on the work rate and sensor fusion approach applied. The findings suggest that IMU-based inclinometers can substantially improve inclinometer accuracy in comparison to traditional accelerometer-based inclinometers. Ergonomists may use the non-proprietary sensor fusion algorithms provided here to more accurately estimate upper arm elevation.