Antifungal activity of Latarcin 1 derived cell-penetrating peptides against Fusarium solani.

Cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides share physicochemical characteristics and mechanisms of interaction with biological membranes, hence, termed as membrane active peptides. The present study aims at evaluating AMP activity of CPPs. LDP-NLS and LDP are Latarcin 1 derived cell-penetrating peptides and in the current study we have evaluated antifungal and cell-penetrating properties of these CPPs in Fusarium solani. We observed that LDP-NLS and LDP exhibited excellent antifungal activity against the fungus. Cellular uptake experiments with LDP-NLS and LDP showed that LDP-NLS acted as a CPP but LDP uptake into fungal spores and hyphae was negligible. CPP and AMP activity of mutated version of LDP-NLS was also evaluated and it was observed that both the activities of the peptide were compromised, signifying the importance of arginines and lysines present in LDP-NLS for initial interaction of membrane active peptides with biological membranes. Dextrans and Propidium Iodide uptake studies revealed that the mode of entry of LDP-NLS into fungal hyphae is through pore formation. Also, both LDP-NLS and LDP showed no cytotoxicity when infiltered into leaf tissues. Overall, our results suggest that LDP-NLS and LDP are selectively cytotoxic to F. solani and can be a potent peptide based antifungal agents.