The liver recipient with acute renal dysfunction: A single institution evaluation of the simultaneous liver-kidney transplant candidate.

The Organ Procurement Transplant Network (OPTN) listing criteria for simultaneous liver-kidney transplant (SLK) are not well defined. Concerns remain about rising numbers of SLKs, which divert quality kidneys from candidates awaiting kidney transplants (KT). We performed a retrospective review of liver transplants (LTs) at our center from 2004 to 2014; 127 recipients (liver transplant alone; 102 LTA, 25 SLK) were identified with short-term preoperative kidney dysfunction (creatinine >4 mg/dL or preoperative hemodialysis [HD] for <6 weeks). Both cohorts had comparable baseline demographic characteristics with the exception of higher model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score in the LTA group (41.4 vs 32.9, P < .0001) and higher incidence of pre-LT diabetes in the SLK cohort (52% vs 26.5%, P = .0176). Duration of pre-LT HD was higher in SLK recipients, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .39). Renal nonrecovery (RNR) rate in LTA cohort was low (<5%). No significant difference was noted in 1-year mortality, liver graft rejection/failure, or length of stay (LOS) between the cohorts. Thus, it appears that liver recipients with short-term (<6 weeks) HD or AKI without HD have comparable outcomes between LTA and SLK. With provisions for a KT safety net, as proposed by OPTN, LTA may be the most adequate option for these patients.