[The lessons of the Ebola epidemic for a more effective preparedness face to health crises].

Although uncommon, public health crises cause considerable human suffering and death and have major political, economic and social impacts. For many years, countries have made considerable efforts to prepare for emergencies. The Ebola epidemic in West Africa, as well as recent events and emerging public health threats force countries to strengthen, adapt or implement their Emergency Preparedness Plans. Emergency Preparedness is a difficult process. Some authors would even say that it is an impossible mission. What do we mean by preparedness ? How can preparedness be evaluated ? What measures must be taken following the Ebola crisis ? Preparedness is one of the Emergency Management phases and is essential to meet the challenges of future crises. Preparedness still constitutes a major challenge for countries and the international community. Based on missions conducted in West Africa and on a review of the literature, the authors review the concepts of emergency preparedness. In particular, they present standards and tools to assess emergency preparedness, using the example of Ebola preparedness assessment in West Africa.