Nutritional Characteristics of the Diets of Child and Adolescent Cancer Survivors.

PURPOSE: Diseases associated with prior treatment, such as obesity, have been described in cancer survivors. Recent studies have shown that current estimates of overweight do not differ from that in the general population, suggesting the influence of environmental factors, such as dietary intake. In this context, there is increasing interest in the examination of health behaviors that may modify and reduce the risk of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of dietary intake among child cancer survivors living in a developing country.

METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included children and adolescents up to 18 years of age. Dietary intake of the patients was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall.

RESULTS: All age groups showed sufficient carbohydrate and protein consumption levels. The mean percentages of carbohydrate and protein consumption were 54% and 20.8%, respectively. Regarding lipid quality, survivors showed low consumption levels of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. The consumption level of saturated fats was close to the upper limit. Fiber intake was below the recommended level in all patient categories, and its mean was 11.5 g/day. The average daily intake of some vitamins and minerals was below the recommended intake levels for all sexes and age groups, with values below 50% of suitability.

CONCLUSION: The imbalance of lipids quality and low consumption of micronutrients demonstrated that the diet quality is poor in child cancer survivors. This favors the development of not only obesity but also other chronic diseases, and potentially predisposes such patients to secondary cancers.

IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: this is a relevant issue due to the increased number of childhood cancer survivors who develop obesity and chronic and metabolic complications due to inadequate food consumption. Our study may help understand, prevent, or minimize public health problems.