[Candida in urine: colonization ? Infection ? When and how to treat ?]

Candida is frequently found in urine cultures. Deciding whether this represents simple colonization or true infection is often difficult since Candida is a normal genital and urinary tract commensal. Urinary tract colonization is facilitated by well identified risk factors. The diagnostic of a true infection relies upon the identification of the usual clinical signs which cannot be attributed to another pathogen ; also, plasma level of beta-D-glucan can contribute to confirm the diagnostic. Treatment success depends upon the possibility to correct the risk factors and appropriate anti-fungal therapy according to in vitro susceptibility testing.