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La 3+ /La(OH) 3 loaded magnetic cationic hydrogel composites for phosphate removal: Effect of lanthanum species and mechanistic study.

Water Research 2017 December 2
In this study, La3+ (ion)/La(OH)3 -W/La(OH)3 -EW-loaded magnetic cationic hydrogel (MCH) composites were fabricated in situ and characterized to investigate the effects of lanthanum species on phosphate adsorption. The corresponding maximum P adsorption capacities of MCH-loaded La3+ (ion) (MCH-La3+ (ion)), La(OH)3 -W (MCH-La(OH)3 -W), and La(OH)3 -EW (MCH-La(OH)3 -EW) were 70.5 ± 2.67, 69.2 ± 3.5, and 90.2 ± 2.9 mg P/g, respectively. Furthermore, for MCH-La(OH)3 -EW, the P adsorption capacity was maintained relatively stable and high at pH 4.5-11 because of the ligand exchange, electrostatic interactions, and Lewis acid-base interactions. The enhanced adsorption of P was achieved over a wide pH range, as well as in the presence of competing anions (including Cl- , NO3 - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - and SiO4 4- ). Moreover, the exhausted MCH-La(OH)3 -EW could be easily regenerated by a NaOH-NaCl desorption agent with above 72% adsorption capacity remained during five recycles. The column adsorption capacity of MCH-La(OH)3 -EW reached ∼3500 bed volumes (BV) (∼67.7 mg P/g) as the concentration of P decreased from 5 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L. The ATR-IR, Raman, and XPS deconvolution results revealed that both MCH and lanthanum compounds, including La3+ (ion), La(OH)3 -W and La(OH)3 -EW, contributed to the phosphate adsorption because of the electrostatic interactions between -N+ (CH3 )3 and phosphate, as well as the formation of LaPO4 ·xH2 O.

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