Pathological outcomes in men with prostate cancer who are eligible for active surveillance.

BACKGROUND: In order to prevent over treatment of prostate cancer and significant adverse effects after surgical intervention, active surveillance was suggested in low risk or very low risk patients. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the adverse pathological results of candidates eligible for active surveillance.

METHODS: A total of 904 patients underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in this single institute, from 2005 to April 2014. One hundred and thirty-two patients were eligible for active surveillance (AS). Candidates for active surveillance were defined as low risk (T1/T2a, prostate specific antigen 10 ng/ml or less, and Gleason score 6 or less) and very low risk (T1c, prostate specific antigen density 0.15 or less, Gleason score 6 or less, 2 or fewer positive biopsy cores, 50% or less cancer involvement per core) patients. Adverse pathological results were defined as Gleason sum more than 6, and non-organ-confined disease.

RESULTS: There were 132 patients eligible for active surveillance. One hundred and thirteen (85.6%, 113/132) patients had low risk disease and nineteen (14.4%, 19/132) patients had very low risk disease. The adverse pathological results of low risk disease were upgrading Gleason sum and non-organ-confined disease, 41.6% (47/113) and 28.3% (32/113), respectively. The adverse pathological results of very low risk disease were upgrading Gleason sum and non-organ-confined disease, 15.8% (3/19) and 15.8% (3/19), respectively.

CONCLUSION: We conclude that although AS may prevent over treatment and significant adverse effects after surgical intervention, stratification of patients with low risk prostate cancer is of paramount importance when choosing appropriate candidate for AS. The risk of adverse pathological results should be well informed in the pretreatment counseling.