NMDA Receptors as Voltage Sensors.

The membrane potential is an essential parameter of a living cell. However, measurements of the membrane potential using conventional techniques are associated with a number of artifacts. Cell-attached recordings of the currents through NMDA receptor channels enable noninvasive measurements of the neuronal membrane potential. This approach overcomes the problem of a leak conductance introduced during intracellular sharp electrode recordings and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Here, we describe the procedures of using cell-attached recordings of NMDA receptor channels to measure the true membrane potential.