A database for orphan genes in Poaceae.

Orphan genes refer to a group of protein-coding genes lacking recognizable homologs in the other organisms. Extensive studies have demonstrated that numerous newly sequenced genomes contain a significant number of orphan genes, which have important roles in plant's responses to the environment. Due to a lack of phylogenetic conservation, the origin of orphan genes and their functions are currently not well defined. In the present study, a Poaceae orphan genes database (POGD; https://bioinfo.ahau.edu.cn/pogd) was established to serve as a user-friendly web interface for entry browsing, searching and downloading orphan genes from various plants. Four Poaceae species, including Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays, are included in the current version of POGD. The database provides gene descriptions (chromosome strands, physical location), gene product records (protein length, isoelectric point, molecular weight as well as gene and protein sequences) and functional annotations (cellular role, gene ontology category, subcellular localization prediction). Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and comparative analyses were also provided on the website. POGD will serve as a comprehensive and reliable repository, which will help uncover regulatory mechanisms of orphan genes and may assist in the development of comparative genomics in plant biology.